2013年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案（4）(2)

The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow, if two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.

The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation (降水量) Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change directions, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.

The climatology (气候学)method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fall.

The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today’s forecast scenario (模式)and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because It is virtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.

36 Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?

A Necessary amount of information.

B Creativity of the forecaster.

C Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.

D Practical knowledge of the forecaster.

答案：B

中华会计网校名师解析：文中第一段提到“The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the cxpcricnce of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidcnce needed in the forecast”，所 以只有B没有提及，其他选项都有提到。答案是B。

37 The persistence method fails to work well when

A it is rainy.

B it is sunny.

C weather conditions stay stable.

D weather conditions change greatly.

答案：D

39 The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast when

A the analog looks complicated.

B the analog is more than 10 years old.

C the current weather scenario is different from the analog.

D the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.

答案：C

中华会计网校名师解析：文中第五段第四句提到“The analog method is difficult to use because it is virtually impossible to find a predict analog”，说明模拟法使用起来很困难，因为事实上找到一个可预测的模拟很难。所以目前的天气模式与模拟不同时，模拟法不应该被使用。所以答案是C。

40 Historical weather data are necessary in

A the persistence method and the trends method.

B the trends method and the climatology method.

C the climatology method and the analog method.

D the persistence method and the analog method.

答案：C

中华会计网校名师解析：第四段提到，气候学方法需要将过去多年的天气数据计算出来求平均数来预测天气情况，第五段提到模拟法需要检测今天的预测模式和过去相似的天气预测模式。所以气候学方法和模拟法都需要过去的天气数据，所以答案是C。

第三篇

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